The Bahai International Archives Building and Its Classical Style of Greek Architecture :: International Arachives Art Essays

The Baha'i International Archives Building and Its Classical Style of Greek Architecture The Baha'i International Archives Building, erected in 1957 on Mount Carmel in Haifa Israel, echoes the immortal classical style of Greek architecture. An admirer of Greek architecture, Shogi Effendi who was the Guardian of the Baha'i faith, chose this style to carry out the construction of the Archives building. This building replicates the general proportions of the famous Parthenon in Athens, Greece. The Archives building is a museum which holds the original writings of the Bab, Baha 'u' llah and Abdu' l Baha , as well as some of their clothes and belongings. Baha 'u' llah is the prophet founder of the Baha'i faith and the Manifestation of God for this day. The Baha'i faith originated in Iran in 1863 and is now the second most widespread religion after Christianity. The Bab is the Forerunner of the Baha'i faith. Abdu' l Baha is Baha 'u' llah's eldest son and his designated successor. The Archives building is surrounded by several of the Baha'i holy places. The most important of which are the Shrine of The Bab, and the Monument Gardens. The tombs of central figures in the Baha'i faith are found at the Monument Gardens. Mount Carmel is also th e location of the Baha'i world administrative institutions; The Seat of the Universal House of Justice, The International Library, Seat of The International Teaching Center, Center For The Study of The Sacred Texts, and many other present and future institutions of the Baha'i Administrative Order. In essence, the Baha'i Archives Building is a place of pilgrimage. The Parthenon, Shogi Effendi's main influence for building the Archives Buildings, was built in Athens, Greece, in 490 B.C.E. by Perikles. The Parthenon stood distinct among it's surroundings. In fact, it's the largest building on the Acropolis. Its grandeur has symbolic reference to its purpose as the temple to the goddess Athena. The Parthenon was surrounded by several buildings which a lso had religious significance for instance, the temple dedicated to Athena Nike (goddess of victory and war) and the Erechtheion which was another temple dedicated to several deities.

Analysing a TV Advertisement Essay -- Papers

Analysing a TV Advertisement The TV advert that I am going to analyse is advertising Comfort, the clothes washing liquid. This advert is very, very unusual. It is about a family made out of fabric, a little bit like rag dolls. I am going to analyse this advert shot by shot so it is easy to understand. The first shot is set in the bathroom of the 'Clothes family'. Little Lisa cloth is extremely upset that her boyfriend is leaving town for a little while. At the start of the advert she is standing in the bathroom looking extremely upset. Her mother then comes in. This first shot is a tracking shot as it moves with the mum as she enters the bathroom and walks forward to talk to her daughter. The set is the bathroom of the house and it is in fact very plain and minimalist. The bathroom is a simple cream colour but it looks as if this is made out of cloth, for the reason that it has stitches all around the edges of the whole room. I believe that the writers have created the bathroom to be this way so that the people stand out, as they are bright colours. The mum is made out of orange and brown material and the girl is purple, pink and lilac. The lighting used in this advert is also very important. If the lighting was dark or there was no lighting at all, then no body would be able to see the advert or the people in the advert and the whole advert would be useless. Therefore, the lighting is very bright, lively and cheerful. Nothing is dark. The reason for this is maybe because the advert is set in the daytime. Nevertheless, it may give connotations of the product making people jolly and cheerful even when they might be upset. ... ...till standing their hugging. Lisa then says in a fed up sort of way, "Darren you're creasing me now!" Once this phrase is said the Mother appears on the screen from behind the door. She looks at the couple in an 'I told you so' look. This is a shot reverse shot looking into the house from the road, onto the girls face and her Mother. I think that this advert is very clever. It gives the connotations that the product will basically make clothes feel fresh and cool without damaging them in any sort of way. I like the way that the writers have used people made out of clothes and that the comfort is used like a moisturiser to make the clothes soft. The comment about the creasing at the end of the advert is also quite funny. The music throughout the advert is light and bouncy. It makes the advert seem bubbly and lively.

PLAYS †Work in Pairs&give a brief description Essay

In pairs, simulate two role plays demonstrating your communication skills in a health and social care context. The role plays should demonstrate the application of two communication theories (the theory could be from a humanistic, behaviourist, cognitive or psychoanalytical perspectives)in relation to the health and social care sector. You are free to choose the context and the content of communication for your role plays. Let’s break it down: ïÆ' ¼Write a brief explanation of how the two theories have been applied in your role plays. (Pass) ïÆ' ¼Explain, using appropriate arguments and examples, why you have chosen a particular communication theory for a particular role play. (Merit) ïÆ' ¼Design a feedback sheet to collect the feedback from your class mates/peers (students)regarding your role plays. -Collect the feedback after the role plays. – Write an evaluation of how well each theory is suited for the context of the communication based on the feedback from your peers and your research. (Distinction) 1.1.2 (P1b) 1.1.2 In pairs, simulate two role plays demonstrating communication in a health and social care context. The role plays should demonstrate the â€Å"application† of two different communication techniques. You are free to choose the context and the content of communication for your role plays. Let’s break it down again: ïÆ' ¼Write a brief explanation of how the two techniques have been applied in your role plays. (Pass) ïÆ' ¼Explain, using appropriate arguments and examples, why you have chosen a particular communication technique for a particular role play. (Merit) ïÆ' ¼Design a feedback sheet to collect the feedback from other students on your role plays. Collect the feedback after the role plays. Write an evaluation of how well each communication technique is suited for the context of the communication based on the feedback from your peers and your research. (Distinction) 1.2.2 Write a Memo to all the staff in your department of Health and Social Care informing them of an important policy change. Your memo should be correctly structured and professionally presented. 1.3(P1a,b) Simulate two role plays which use different techniques/strategies to support communication between people with ‘specific’ communication needs. ïÆ' ¼Briefly explain how the techniques were used in your role play. (Pass) ïÆ' ¼Explain how the techniques/strategies you have applied facilitated communication between people with specific communication needs. (Merit) ïÆ' ¼Design a feedback sheet to collect the feedback from other students on your role plays. Collect the feedback after the role plays. Write an evaluation of how well each communication technique/strategy facilitated communication between people with specific communication needs based on the feedback from your peers and your research. (Distinction) What to submit for part one: -Transcripts of your role-plays -Written explanation of the techniques/theories/strategies used -Indicate who you worked with and how you have divided the work -A list of sources used in Harvard Referencing format -Your Evaluation of peer feedback / Feedback collected from peers (Distinction) -(All feedbacks need to be placed into your Appendix – to achieve a Distinction only) -A Memo †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. PART 2: WRITTEN REPORT (s) Task A (L02) – Brief Description (about 100 words) 2.1 (P1b) Select three different communication techniques used for different purposes in health and social care work. Review the application of these communication techniques for different purposes in health and social care work. Provide examples. Justify your conclusions and arguments. 2.2. (P1c) Discuss the ways in which communication influences how individuals feel about themselves. [Here you could use humanistic theory] 2.3. (P1d) Describe, using examples, ways of dealing with ‘inappropriate’ interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care work. [Here you could use behavioural theory] 2.3 (P1f) Briefly describe and evaluate workplace strategies, policies and procedures for good practice in communication in health and social care. Tell me which strategies, policies and/or procedures are, in your opinion, best suited to facilitate and enhance communication in health and social care sectors? You would need to justify how you came to your conclusion (Merit to Distinction). Task B LO2: Brief Description (up to 100 words) Describe physical, emotional,cultural and legal influences regarding communication in health and social care. [Here you need to relate to equal opportunities – as explained to you in class] 2.1 (P2a) Analyse, using examples, how methods of communication are influenced by individual values, culture and ability in health and social care. 2.2 (P2a/b) Briefly describe legislation and charters governing the rights of individuals to communicate in health and social care. 2.3. (P2b/c) Discuss, providing examples, how the legislation and codes of practice relating to records and communication of information about people impact on health and social care. 2.4. (P2c/d) Based on the organisation of you have chosen, analyse the effectiveness of organisational systems and policies in relation to good practice in communication. Suggest and justify ways of improving communication systems in a health or care setting. What to submit for part two: As explained to you in class + examples of previous assignments for your perusal -A written report of 2500 – 3000 words -Evidence of research for the report in the Appendix, e.g. examples of policy, relevant legislation, research into IT, feedback†¦ etc -A list of sources used in Harvard Referencing format. Bibliography – [Please do not use Wikipedia for the references]. -1 page (A4) self-evaluation of involvement and work throughout the given assignment (make it personal with your own views and ideas) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. PART 3: Use of IT in Health and Social Care setting/organisation LO3: Brief Description (about 100 words) 3.1.1. Explain, using examples, how the use of IT (ICT) in health and social care benefits the individual – service users/patient/clients. 3.1.2. Critically evaluate how the IT supports and enhances the activities of care workers and care organisations/agencies. Provide examples. Justify conclusions reached. 3.1.2. Briefly describe health and safety legal considerations in the use of IT in health and social care. Here, you would need to demonstrate your ability to access and use standard IT software, used routinely, to support work in health and social care. This task will be assessed by ‘observation’ of your work during tutorial sessions. *You will be observed during the ICT lesson/tutorial What to submit for part three: †¢A summary of specific ways of communication by producing an ‘ICT Design’ of your research . Presentation requirement: †¢Font (Arial or Times New Roman) †¢Font size of 12 †¢Good margins (2 cm to the left and 2cm to the right) †¢Line spacing 1.5 †¢Separate paragraphs by adding a space between them. †¢Insert page numbers in the footer – at the right hand side of each page (every page must a number – in numerical order) †¢Start a new task on a new page †¢The module name, module code and assignment number must appear in the front of your assignment and in the Header of every page †¢Your name should appear at the top (header) of every page †¢Print on one side of the page only †¢Follow all explanations and guidance as taught in class †¢Finally, compile your work together in a presentable manner prior to submission. †¢Do not miss the dead line Reassurance: Since this is your first assignment at LCUCK for most of you; I have set it in a very simple way with many pointers so that you could achieve a good grade. Please plan your work (time management) to complete this assignment by the deadline. Good Luck! Sheila Gooljar Assessment Criteria for a ‘Pass’ To achieve each outcome the learner will demonstrate the ability to: P1. Be able to explore how communication skills are used in health and social care Explanation: Explore communication between people in health and social care a.apply relevant theories of communication to health and social care contexts b.review the application of a range of communication techniques for different purposes used in health and social care work c.discuss the ways in which communication influences how individuals feel about themselves d.describe ways of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals e.analyse the use of techniques and strategies for supporting communication between people with specific communication needs f.evaluate workplace strategies, policies and procedures for good practice in communication P2. Understand how various factors influence the communication process in health and social Explanation: Describe physical, cultural and legal influences on communication in health and social care a.analyse how methods of communication are influenced by individual values, culture and ability b.describe legislation and charters governing the rights of individuals to communicate c.discuss the implications in health and social care contexts of legislation and codes of practice relating to records and communication of information about people d.analyse the effectiveness of organisational systems and policies in relation to good practice in communication e.suggest and justify ways of improving communication systems in a health or care setting f.demonstrate ability to communicate appropriately using a range of techniques P3. Be able to explore the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in health and social careExplore the use of information technology in communications in health and social care a.demonstrate ability to access and use standard IT software, used routinely, to support work in health and social care b.analyse how the use of IT in health and social care benefits service users c.critically evaluate how the IT supports and enhances the activities of care workers and care organisations/agencies d.analyse health and safety legal considerations in the use of IT Assessment Criteria for a ‘Merit’ (include Pass criteria+): M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions: -Students provided evidence of research from various sources (the internet and books) for the written report in a well-organised and neatly presented Appendix -Students correctly referenced and acknowledged sources used in the report M2 Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques: -Students explained how the techniques/strategies in the role plays facilitated communication in different contexts -Students supported the report with a range of relevant examples from the context of health and social care M3 Present and communicate appropriate findings: -Students used the language at the correct level; technical language was used accurately, spelling and grammar checked used. -Students presented the report which reads fluently and has correctly structured and professionally presented. -Students provided a bibliography of sources used in Harvard referencing format Assessment Criteria for a ‘Distinction’ (include

A Visit to a Famous City

A few months ago my father and I visited Singapore, one of the most famous cities in Asia. Singapore, a small island, lies at the southern and of West Malaysia. A long and narrow piece of land joins Singapore with Johore Hahru, the southern-most town of West Malaysia. Singapore is now an independent state. The city of Singapore is extremely beautiful. It is well known for its centers of business and other activities. There are many places of interest such as the Tiger Balm Garden, the Botanical Gardens and Raffles Museum.There are also many important centers of learning such as the University of Singapore, Science Centre, the Nanyang University and the Polytechnic. Being a famous city, hundreds of people come everyday from various parts of the world to do business or to enjoy the sights of the city. Singapore therefore has large and beautiful airports and its harbors are full of ships. There are many night schools where people who cannot go to the day schools for some reason or other can continue their studies. And, the government of Singapore is still doing its best to make further improvements in the city for the benefit of the people.During my stay in Singapore, I went out everyday with my father to see the beautiful and interesting places and things in the city. One day we went to the Tiger Balm Garden where I saw several statues of people, animals and other strange creature beautifully made and kept. The sea near this garden makes it a pleasant place to visit. We spent almost half of the day at this place. Another day we visited the museum where I saw hundreds of curious things preserved for scholars and others. It was indeed an education to see all those things.There is so much to learn here that every visit by any person is sure to add to his knowledge. I also visited some of the harbors and saw the large ships anchored there. The sight of the ships aroused a desire in me to cross the oceans and go round the world. I was indeed deeply impressed by activi ties at the harbor. Then every night, I went round the town and visited some of the parks and other places of interest. The numerous lights and the constant stream of traffic kept the city alive. I visited a few of the cinemas as well. In short, I enjoyed every moment of my stay in this famous city of Singapore.

Analysis of Metabolic Strategies Essay

There are many micronutrients (substances needed in small amounts) essential to healthy living. These micronutrients include the vitamins, minerals and amino acids. A healthy diet includes the proper ratio of macronutrients along with the essential quantities of micronutrients. What is their biochemical or metabolic function? Subdivision of the global network was often based on the biochemical function of the pathway (i. e. amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism). As an example of a biochemical pathway, note the first four reactions of glycolysis as follows: (1) glucose + ATP –(hexokinase)? glucose-6-phosphate + ADP; (2) glucose-6-phosphate ? (phosphoglucose isomerase)? fructose 6-phosphate; (3) fructose 6-phosphate + ATP –(phosphofructose kinase)? Fructose 1,6-diphosphate + ADP; (4) fructose 1,6-diphosphate -(aldolase)? dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Metabolism to generate energy for biochemical functions is carried out by all cells. Some tissues, because of their specialized functions in the multi-cellular organism, have different metabolic strategies. Muscle and liver have particular roles in overall metabolism: the brain has specific needs. Describe, compare and contrast the metabolic strategies during periods of high metabolic activity of muscle, liver, brain, and the general body tissues and in the ‘fed’ (digesting a meal) and ‘unfed’ (no nutrients coming from digestive tact) states. Having highly directional reactions at start and finish of a pathway is good metabolic strategy. The hexokinase and phosphofructokinase steps drive substrates into the sequence; the pathway can continue even if substrates are significantly depleted. Pyruvate kinase clears intermediates out of the pathway. Vitamins, minerals and amino acids are essential organic nutrients, essential molecular structures for life processes, that we cannot synthesize and must take in, in adequate amounts, as food. The following are the biological and metabolic functions of vitamins. Water soluble vitamin such as Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, which can be found in papaya, oranges, orange juice, kiwifruit, strawberries, cantaloupe, sweet red peppers, cauliflower, broccoli, brussels, sprouts, green peppers, grapefruit, kale, and strawberries, is important in the synthesis of collagen, which is the main structural component of the skin as well as many other body tissues. Vitamin C also works as a powerful antioxidant, aids in the absorption of iron, is critical in fighting off infections, helps alleviate allergic reactions, and aids in wound healing. Another water soluble vitamin, Thiamin or Vitamin B1 can be found in lean pork, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, whole or enriched grain products, organ meats and nuts and legumes. It is the required coenzyme or helper molecule in the metabolism of carbohydrates for energy, and proper transmission of nerve signals. It is also necessary for normal muscle function, growth, digestion, DNA replication, and normal appetite. Riboflavin or Vitamin B2, which can be found in milk, yogurt, cocoa, cheeses, eggs, meat and green leafy vegetables, is necessary in the release of energy from carbohydrates, the activation of many vitamins, and the breakdown of fat. Also required for the normal growth and tissue repair are the synthesis of red blood cells, corticosteroids, and glycogen. Niacin or Vitamin B3, which can be found in tuna, halibut, beef, chicken, turkey, pork, cereal grains, fortified cereals, seeds, legumes, peanut butter, is required by all cells and vital in the release of energy from food. It is also required for the synthesis of protein, fat, and genetic material. It is also required for proper metabolism and brain function. Panthothenic acid or Vitamin B5, which is widely distributed in foods, can be found in liver, peanuts, wheat germ, brewer’s yeast, egg yolk, legumes, whole grain cereals, mushrooms, broccoli, avocados, royal jelly from bees. It is critical in the synthesis and breakdown of many body compounds. It is necessary for the metabolism of food and normal immune function. Also plays a role in the synthesis of hormones, cholesterol, and neurotransmitters. Biotin is widely distributed and can be found in liver, soybeans, egg yolk, cereal, yeast, legumes, nuts. It is needed for proper energy metabolism (especially carbohydrates and protein) and growth. It is critical in the production of fatty acids, prostaglandins, antibodies, digestive enzymes, hormones, and cholesterol. It is also important in niacin metabolism. Folic acid is a synthetic form found in fortified cereals and supplements. It is also called Folate (natural form found in food). It can be found in brewer’s yeast, beans, spinach, wheat germ, asparagus, turnip greens, green leafy vegetables, fortified cereals. It is important in the metabolism of proteins and in the synthesis of new proteins. It is a necessary component in the production of red blood cells, necessary for normal cellular division and production of DNA. Folate also increases appetite and digestive acids. Research is also showing folate may reduce the risk for heart disease and certain cancers. Folate plays an important role in tissue growth and function and can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects (birth defects of the brain or spine). Vitamin B12 or cobalamin, which can be found in meat and meat products, poultry, fish, yogurt, fortified cereals, fortified soy-milk, tuna, shellfish, eggs and fortified tofu, is important in metabolism, essential for DNA synthesis, production of red blood cells, and proper nerve function. Inadequate absorption of the vitamin rather than inadequate dietary intake is responsible for more than 95% of the vitamin B12 deficiency seen in the US. A strict vegetarian diet can produce a deficiency, although clinical symptoms may not appear for up to 20-30 years. Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine, which can be found in potato, bananas, beans, walnuts, watermelon, meats, salmon and light meat of chicken, is needed for proper protein metabolism, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin, and the synthesis of fatty acids. It is Necessary for normal growth, proper brain and immune function, synthesis of red blood cells, and hormone regulation. Fat soluble vitamin like vitamin A or retinol (comes from animal sources like egg yolks, butter, whole milk products, liver and fish liver oils) or beta-carotene (precursor to Vitamin A, which comes from plant sources like pumpkin, spinach (boiled), butternut squash cantaloupe and dark leafy greens). It is a powerful antioxidant which helps the body fight free-radical damage and seems to provide some protection against cancer. It is essential for normal vision, reproduction, growth, immune function, healthy skin and mucous membranes, and normal bone growth and development. Vitamin D comes primarily in foods of animal origin like eggs, liver, butter, fatty fish, salmon with bones, fortified soy milk and fortified foods such as milk and margarine. Vitamin D can also be made by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. It is essential to maintain bone and teeth strength and integrity. It also aids in calcium absorption. Vitamin E comes from pant oils (such as sunflower and safflower oil), wheat germ, whole grains, unroasted almonds, sunflower seeds, Brazil nuts, mango, green leafy vegetables and broccoli. Vitamin E is well on its way to becoming a superhero in the antioxidant army. Due to its fat-soluble nature it can do its antioxidant work where most of the other antioxidants can’t go. Vitamin E is incorporated into cell membranes as well as guarding the the fat molecules in the bloodstream from free-radical damage. Studies have also shown that it is a potent stimulator of the immune system, helping protect the thymus gland and guarding white blood cells from damage. Vitamin E has also been shown to reduce levels of inflammatory prostaglandins, which can lead to a number of health problems. By keeping the body’s level of Vitamin E from dropping you will benefit from a decreased incidence of various cancers, decreased risk of heart disease and strokes, and free-radical protection. When incorporating exercise and physical activity into your daily life Vitamin E becomes even more important. As you exercise, your rate of respiration increases which leads to an increase in the production of free-radicals. This increase in free-radical production has been shown to play an important role in causing skeletal muscle damage and inflammation after strenuous exercise. Vitamin K, which comes primarily from plant foods, spinach, broccoli, kale, Brussels, sprouts, cabbage, lettuce, cereals, fruits, dairy products and meats. Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract also provide a the body with vitamin K. It is essential for proper blood clotting and plays a role in normal bone calcification. For the minerals like calcium, sources are milk, milk products, calcium fortified, orange juice, part-skim ricotta cheese, yogurt, cocoa, sardines, clams, oysters, turnip greens, mustard greens, broccoli, legumes and dried fruit. It is essential for normal bone and tooth formation, overall growth, blood clotting, regulation of heart rate, and proper nerve transmission. Phosphorus may come from meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, milk products, nuts, legumes, cereals, grains, chocolate, lettuce and tomato. It is essential for a number of biochemical reactions in the body, especially energy production, metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat, and building protein. It also gives strength to bones and teeth, and plays a role in the regulation of acid-base balance, muscle contraction, kidney function, and proper nerve function. Magnesium, which comes from nuts and seeds, legumes, green vegetables, tofu, wheat germ, cereal grains, soybeans, chocolate, blackstrap molasses, corn, peas, carrots, seafood, brown rice, parsley, lima beans and spinach. It is essential in hundreds of biochemical reactions and a wide range of metabolic activities including the use of energy and the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and genetic material. It is also necessary for proper nerve transmission, contraction of muscle, and the conversion of Vitamin D to its active form. Spinach is essential in hundreds of biochemical reactions and a wide range of metabolic activities including the use of energy and the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and genetic material. It is also necessary for proper nerve transmission, contraction of muscle, and the conversion of Vitamin D to its active form. Sodium, which can be found in table salt, cured meat, cheese and bread, is necessary for the regulation of water balance within the body, the passage of substances in and out of each cell, and the maintenance of a normal body pH. Also plays a role in the generation of normal electrical nerve signals, muscle contraction, and the regulation of blood pressure. Potassium is an essential part of every cell in the body and required for normal growth. It is also involved in the release of energy from food, the synthesis of protein, regulation of water balance in the body, proper nerve and muscle function, and regulation of blood pressure. Chloride can be found in table salt, seafood, tomatoes, rye and olives. It helps maintain water balance and acid-base balance in the body. Iron, which can be found in meat (provides iron in the non-heme form which is the easiest for the body to absorb), blackstrap molasses, clams, oysters, tofu, legumes, nuts and seeds, red meats, dark green leafy vegetables (Vegetables provide iron in the non-heme form, which is harder for the body to absorb. Consuming vitamin C with iron rich foods will help increase absorption), soybeans, pumpkin seeds, dried fruits, enriched and/or whole-grain, breads and cereals, is critical in making new red blood cells, immune defense cells, white blood cells, and normal brain function. Zinc, which can be found in oysters, wheat germ, beef, liver, dark meat of turkey and, chicken, peanuts, whole grains, miso, legumes, sunflower seeds, blackstrap molasses, green peas, spinach, broccoli. It is essential for proper growth of skin, hair, and nails, healing wounds, and a healthy immune system. It is necessary in many chemical reactions and for a normal sense of taste and smell. It also functions as a detoxifier of the body and plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Copper, which can be found in liver, shellfish, whole grains, mushrooms, cherries, legumes, cocoa, nuts, eggs, muscle meats, fish and poultry, is a critical component of the outer coating of nerve fibers, collagen, and used in the production of skin pigments. Also works with iron to make healthy red blood cells. Seleniem, which can be found in grains, seeds, potatoes, meat, poultry, fish, garlic, brewer’s yeast and wheat germ, is important antioxidant that works with vitamin E to protect the body from free-radical damage. It is also associated with fat metabolism, a healthy immune system, and important to male fertility. Chromium, which can be found in wheat germ, brewer’s yeast, peas , chicken, corn oil mushrooms, prunes, nuts, asparagus, organ meats and whole-grain bread and cereals, is necessary for blood sugar regulation and metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. Iodine, which comes from iodized salt, saltwater seafood, sunflower seeds, mushrooms, eggs, beef liver, peanuts, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, chocolate and kelp, is needed for proper thyroid gland operation and normal metabolism of cells. Manganese which comes from wheat bran, legumes, nuts, lettuce, leafy green vegetables, blueberries, pineapple, seafood, poultry, meat and tea, is needed for normal utilization of several other vitamins, and a variety of other biochemical roles in the body. It also aids in proper fat metabolism, skeletal and connective tissues, production of energy, making cholesterol and DNA, proper brain function, and processing blood sugar. Molybdenum, which can be found in milk and milk products, soybeans, lentils, pasta, buckwheat, oats, rice, wheat germ and sunflower seeds, is important in many biochemical reactions, aids in the metabolism of iron, helps prevent gout by removing uric acid from the body, and helps the body burn fat. It is also part of healthy bones, teeth, kidney, and liver, and helps the body use its iron reserves. and helps the body use its iron reserves. Flouride, which comes from mackerel, sardines, salt pork, salmon, shrimp, meat, sunflower seeds, kale, potatoes, watercress, honey, wheat and tea, reduces dental caries and may minimize bone loss by helping the body retain calcium. Nickel, which can be found in nuts, legumes, shellfish, cocoa products, green beans, spinach, rice and tea, is important in many biochemical reactions, and thought to play a role in the metabolism of fats and blood sugar regulation. Silicon, which can be found in whole grains, root vegetables and unrefined cereal products, is needed for healthy body tissues. Vanadium can be found in shellfish, spinach, parsley, mushrooms, whole grains, dill seeds, black pepper, parsley, soy, corn and olives. Research has not documented exactly what vanadium does for the body. It is likely that it plays a role in energy production, biochemical reactions, blood sugar and fat metabolism, and bone and teeth strength. Most foods contain less than 0. 3ug/g arsenic. Seafood is the richest source of arsenic. Arsenic has precise function in the body is still unknown, but it is likely that it plays a role in the metabolism of phospholipids. Boron, which can be found in fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts is required for normal bone integrity. Amino acids are the principal building blocks of proteins and enzymes. They are incorporated into proteins by transfer RNA according to the genetic code while messenger RNA is being decoded by ribosomes. During and after the final assembly of a protein, the amino acid content dictates the spatial and biochemical properties of the protein or enzyme. The amino acid backbone determines the primary sequence of a protein, but it is the nature of the side chains that determine the protein’s properties. Amino acid side chains can be polar, non-polar, or practically neutral. Polar side chains tend to be present on the surface of a protein where they can interact with the aqueous environment found in cells. On the other hand, non-polar amino acids tend to reside within the center of the protein where they can interact with similar non-polar neighbors. This can create a hydrophobic region within an enzyme where chemical reactions can be conducted in a non-polar atmosphere. Likewise, enzymes can also have polar amino acid substituents within the active site that provide a polar region in which to conduct biochemical synthesis. In addition to their role in protein and enzyme synthesis, amino acids are actively involved in a broad range of functions in the body. For instance, the organic substances help form cells, heal damaged tissues, and produce antibodies. These antibodies are important to the body’s efforts to ward off potentially harmful invasions of viruses and bacteria (Weigel and Seitz, 2006). Also active as metabolic intermediates, amino acids are capable of transporting oxygen through the body and play a part in muscular function. Several of the amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is found in the central nervous system, but not in proteins, carry out very specific roles in the body. Other examples of such amino acids include carnitine, which is concerned in fatty acid transport within a cell, as well as ornithine and citrulline, both of which are key components in the body’s urea cycle. Essential amino acids are generally contained in the greatest quantities in meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and other animal products. They are also, found, however in grains, legumes, and similar vegetable sources of protein, though one or more essential amino acids may be missing from such foods. For this reason, vegetarians are generally urged to carefully consume a wide range of foods in order that they regularly obtain the complete array of essential amino acids, since different plants lack different types of the important compounds. Nevertheless, amino acid deficiencies are extremely rare in the United States, since Americans commonly consume twice as much protein as is considered necessary each day. Moreover, for athletes or other individuals who need greater amounts of amino acids than most people, supplements are widely available. Some amino acids are even prescribed as a form of medical treatment. Lysine, for example, is utilized to suppress the herpes virus and phenylalanine gains use in some pain and depression therapies. Nevertheless, over-consumption of amino acids can be hazardous, since the compounds can be toxic in excessive quantities. Eukaryotes, such as ourselves, are characterized by membrane bound internal compartments or organelles (Mergaert, et al. , 2006). These compartments allow cells to (a) conserve resources by producing proteins at the appropriate concentration only in these organelles, (b) separate functional areas that might interfere with each other, e. g. , lysosomes, ER and nucleus, and (c) manage reactions in biochemical pathways. Aspects of the carbohydrate, amino acid and fatty acid metabolic processes we have considered have steps that occur in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion or other cellular organelles (Embley and Martin, 2006). In here, a multi-step reaction within a cell is catalyzed by enzymes. Almost every reaction that occurs within an organism (which is to that organism’s benefit) occurs along a biochemical pathway and is catalyzed one or a series of enzymes. Biochemical pathways are discussed fully by Stryer (1987) â€Å"Biochemical pathways are the organizational units of metabolism, the pathways that energy and materials follow in the cell. † A biochemical pathway may be anabolic, catabolic, or both. An anabolic biochemical pathway may be referred to as a biosynthetic pathway. An example of a catabolic bioochemical pathway is transduction of the chemical energy found in foods into a usable form (digestion, glycolysis, cellular respiration). The biochemical pathways are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport system, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. These different parts of the processes is performed in different cellular compartments. Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. All the reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix with the exception of succinic dehydrogenase, which is part of Complex II of the inner membrane. It is important not to regard FADH2 as the product of this reaction, which is still often done. FAD is the first, but only a transient, carrier of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone. Indeed the official name of the enzyme is succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone). The mitochondrion is often regarded as the powerhouse of the cell, and this designation becomes much more meaningful if we remember that a flow of electrons is an electric current, and NADH and succinate provide the fuel for an electricity generator. The pathway is often called the electron transport chain, but its function is to create a flow of electrons (shown in Fig. 1 as heavy red arrows) to provide the energy needed to translocate protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space (Nicholson, 2002). The Electron Transport System occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Mitochondria function during aerobic respiration to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory enzymes and electron carriers for the electron transport system are located within the inner mitochondria membrane. The enzymes for the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) are located in the matrix. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, glycolysis takes place within the cytosol of the cell. Some of the glycolytic reactions are conserved in the Calvin cycle that functions inside the chloroplast. This is consistent with the fact that glycolysis is highly conserved in evolution, being common to nearly all living organisms. This suggests great antiquity; it may have originated with the first prokaryotes, 3. 5 billion years ago or more. Metabolism to generate energy for biochemical functions is carried out by all cells. Some tissues, because of their specialized functions in the multi-cellular organism, have different metabolic strategies. Muscle and liver have particular roles in overall metabolism: the brain has specific needs. Describe, compare and contrast the metabolic strategies during periods of high metabolic activity of muscle, liver, brain, and the general body tissues and in the ‘fed’ (digesting a meal) and ‘unfed’ (no nutrients coming from digestive tact) states. Absorptive state is the period during which ingested nutrients enter blood and some of these nutrients supply the energy need of the body while the remainder is stored. Post-absorptive state is the period during which the GI tract is empty of nutrients and body stores must supply required energy. In the absorptive state, carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed primarily as monosaccharides and amino acids, respectively, into the blood while fat is absorbed as triacylglycerols into the lymph. During this state, glucose is the major energy source and some of it is converted to glycogen and stored in skeletal muscle and liver. In adipose tissue, glucose is transformed and stored as fat. Fatty acids of plasma chylomicrons are released within adipose tissue capillaries and form triacylglycerols. Most amino acids enter cells and are used to synthesize proteins and any excess amino acids are converted to carbohydrate or fat. On the other hand, in the postabsorptive state, the net synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein ceases, and net catabolism of these substances begins. Plasma glucose level is maintained by Glycogenolysis, which is the hydrolysis of glycogen stores in liver, adipose tissues, brain, muscles, skeletal muscles, etc. ; Lipolysis, catabolism of triacylglycerols into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissues wherein any glycerol reaching the liver is converted to glucose; and protein is catabolized to glucose. References: Embley, T. M. , & Martin, W. (2006). Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges. Nature, 440(7084), 623-630. Mergaert, P. , Uchiumi, T. , Alunni, B. , Evanno, G. , Cheron, A. , Catrice, O. , et al. (2006). Eukaryotic control on bacterial cell cycle and differentiation in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103(13), 5230-5235. Nicholson, D. 2002. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 3-5. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Stryer, Lubert (1987). Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman. Weigel, C. , & Seitz, H. (2006). Bacteriophage replication modules. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 30(3), 321-381.

Sea Water Intrusion in Estuaries Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sea Water Intrusion in Estuaries - Article Example The results obtained using the model includes the measure of water level, discharge and salinity level. These have shown good agreement with the observed results. Also, a direct relationship between longitudinal salt dispersion with flood-ebb loop length and tidal efficiency is also confirmed in this study (Nguyen et al, 2008b). The prediction of the salinity distribution in the complex situations like multi-channel estuaries like Mekong delta have also been reported in the literature (Nguyen and Savenije, 2006). Mekong delta is unique in its character. It has large number of branches and transports huge quantity of water (2000 cu.m per second) even during summer. The prediction model is framed on the principle that the multi-channel estuarine system would function as single entity and the paired branches could be appropriately combined to one. The results obtained from the analysis show that steady state models could predict the salinity levels very well. They could also explain the equilibrium conditions established in the estuaries during variable flow period especially during the dry seasons. Also, authors have computed the system response time for Mekong also. The data used in the paper was collected during the period 1991 to 1998. As Mekong delta is a very active morphologically, it's topography too is undergoing continuous change due to the transport of sediments through the river. Hence, the model would require continuous improvement by incorporating the recent topographical details. Further, the model also has parameters like mean estuary depth and river discharge that have high degree of uncertainty (Nguyen and Savenije, 2006). Determination of fresh water discharge is essential for quantification of salinity distribution. In the case of very low flows the salinity distribution is observed to be maximum. But the low fresh water flows coupled with high tidal flows make the accurate estimate of fresh water discharges very difficult. And in the case of Mekong delta, the multi channel characteristics make the accurate direct determination of discharge computation very cumbersome. A reliable model has been proposed to estimate the river discharge under the above situations (Nguyen et al, 2008a). The principle applied in this process is the reverse calculation, from the known values of salinity distribution the authors have developed equations to determine the river discharge. In this connection, two separate approaches have been attempted for different clusters of rivers in this basin. In the first approach, based on the information on the salinity distribution and estuarine shape of each branch the discharge i n the individual branches is computed. And in the other approach, from the combined shape of estuarine branches and the salinity distribution, the combined discharge is estimated. These analytical models could be used to compute the river discharges in multi channel estuarine regions by collecting the salinity distributions (Nguyen et al, 2008a). References Nguyen, A.D. and Savenije, H.H.G Salt intrusion in multi channel estuaries : a case study in Mekong delta, Vietnam, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 10, 2006, 743 -754. Nguyen, A.D., Savenije, H.H.G, Pham, D N and Tang, D T, Using salt intrusion measurements to determine the freshwater discharge distribution over

Self-awareness Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self-awareness - Personal Statement Example This exposure to different countries, cultures and languages made me appreciate the diversity that the world has to offer. As a result I am able to speak, although not as fluently as English, a number of influential languages for example French, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and a bit of Zulu. In travelling one comes across other people’s beliefs and traditions some of which seem primitive to the western world standards while others seem quite sophisticated. At times one is led to question their own beliefs on whether they are strong enough or even superior to others. As a Christian, meeting strong believers in Islam always felt like we were in completely different worlds based on the outlook that these religions give to followers regarding the world around us. It is also through travelling and interacting with different people that one best notices their biases and fears. Before the family started going on international vacations, it was hard to comprehend the fact that other coun tries especially in the third and second worlds could be beautiful or enjoyable to live in. It was a big shock to realise that some African countries and others in Asia are quite beautiful and people there treat visitors with utmost respect and dignity. I would be biased on products manufactured from these countries but I realised that theirs are not as chemically produced as ours are. Agricultural products for example from Asia and Africa tend to be sweeter and more natural as farmers use minimum technology and few chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides. Some of my fears are centred on a variety of animals. Coming into contact with anything that has wings or scales can make me have a heart attack. It is ironical that I love turkey and chicken meat more than I do beef or pork. I also love to watch birds fly but I would flee if one came near while the same case applies to reptiles mostly snakes and African crocodiles. Above all fears is the fear to wrong others intentionally. I ha ve grown in a family where respect for one another was highly valued. Fearing to hurt others automatically leads to respect to people and humanity in general. I believe in Santa which is one myth that I have held on since childhood. Morality is another key aspect that my family instilled in us. Due to the strong attachment with the church, I have maintained high moral values. I have also come to appreciate that material wealth or ones socioeconomic status is not as important as self respect and respect for others. Being an American I have strong affiliation to American culture which revolves around respect for our country and, although not in line with the former, occasionally dropping at a fast food restaurant for a burger. As a result of the realisation that happiness does not emanate from material wealth I now cherish more the impact of my actions on others than on myself. In this regard money earned takes a backseat and at the end of the day the issue is always how positive and beneficial my actions were. Turning the world into a better place to live in for all humanity is my lifelong goal. I believe that to make the world a better place everyone must first of all make responsible choices in their lives and take full consequences for their actions. Although some issues like abortion are controversial it is good to have a definite stance on them from a morality standpoint. The world is a harsh place to live in and no one gets away with wrongs committed